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Product safety Understanding makeup Prohibited ingredients Restricted ingredients Other restrictions Packaging Outlook Using healthy cosmetics Cosmetics are a part of everyday life for both men and women. The FDA, labeling, and beauty product safety. Prohibited ingredients. Restricted ingredients. Other restrictions. Cosmetic packaging concerns. High doses can lead to precancerous skin changes and even liver cancer. Dibutyl Phthalate DBP Mostly used in nail products and as a fragrance ingredient, DBP is a suspected endocrine disruptor, can lead to genetic mutations, can impair fertility, and may cause harm to unborn children.
Formaldehyde-Releasing Preservatives DMDM hydantoin, diazolidinyl urea, imidazolidinyl urea, methenamine, quaternium, and sodium hydroxymethylglycinate These preservatives, which appear in a wide variety of cosmetics and personal care products, slowly release formaldehyde, which is a known cause of cancer. Parabens The bad boys of the ingredient world, parabens are the most widely used preservative in personal care products.
Because they are able to easily penetrate the skin, parabens are especially dangerous as hormone disruptors and estrogen imitators. One particular paraben, methylparaben, is associated with DNA damage and increased skin aging. Parfum a. These chemicals can cause everything from migraines and allergies to asthma. PEG polyethylene glycols Petroleum-based PEGs are often used as cream bases in cosmetics, and can be contaminated with 1,4-dioxane, a possible carcinogen.
Petrolatum Frequently used as a moisture barrier in moisturizers and in hair products to promote shine, petrolatum may be contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs , which can cause cancer.
Siloxanes ending in -siloxane or -methicone These silicone-based compounds—used in personal care products to smooth, soften, and moisten—are endocrine disruptors, and may harm the reproductive system. Sodium Laureth Sulfate Common in cleaners, shampoos, and bubble bath, sodium laureth sulfate is a foaming agent that may be contaminated with 1,4-dioxane, which can cause cancer.
Triclosan Triclosan is an antibacterial agent and preservative common in cosmetics, cleansers, sanitizers, and deodorants. In addition to acting as a possible endocrine disruptor, triclosan may contribute to antibiotic resistance by wiping out beneficial bacteria. The problem is that chemicals in personal care products can destroy these friendly flora, leaving your skin and your immune system open to threats. So, where are the governmental recommendations?
This is in stark contrast to the European Union, which requires pre-market safety assessments and mandatory product registration for cosmetics. Additionally, the EU bans more than 1, chemicals from cosmetics that are suspected to cause genetic mutations, cancer, reproductive harm, or birth defects—sadly, the FDA has only restricted or banned As you can see, the Dirty Dozen are just a few of the thousands of dangerous and unhealthy chemicals present in skincare products.
This difference is important when it comes to federal oversight of these products, which is described in the section "How are cosmetics regulated? Cosmetics include a wide range of products.
Some of these can cause health problems in some people, such as skin or eye irritation or allergic reactions. These types of problems are usually short-term and go away if use of the product is stopped. Whether cosmetics or certain ingredients in them cause more subtle or long-term health problems is not entirely clear. Uncertainty exists because many products and ingredients have not been tested thoroughly.
Even when ingredients in cosmetics have been tested, the results may not always be simple or clear cut. For example, some ingredients in cosmetics have been found to be toxic in large amounts or at high concentrations. But the amounts of these ingredients used in cosmetics is typically much lower than what caused ill effects in studies. Plus the way the ingredient is used in a cosmetic may be different from how it was used in the tests.
Also, there is often little information about what ingredients are absorbed into the body and how much they are absorbed when applied to the skin during actual product use. For these reasons, the ingredient may not cause the same problems in actual use in a cosmetic.
Still, because there are no long-term studies, little is known about the health effects of long term exposure to many ingredients in cosmetics. This means that we cannot claim that these products will not cause health problems in some people. The ingredients in cosmetics are routinely tested for short-term health problems such as skin and eye irritation and allergic reactions. But the actual cosmetics themselves specific lipsticks, eye shadow, etc. Because of this, it may not be known if the ingredients when combined together cause problems that were not seen when they were studied individually.
Very little information is available on long-term health impacts of most cosmetic ingredients or cosmetic products. It is difficult to test the ingredients in cosmetics for harmful long-term health problems such as cancer. For most substances that cause cancer, it takes many years after exposure to the substance for cancer to occur.
That means the studies would need to go on for at least 10 or 20 years to see if a certain substance or cosmetic caused cancer. It is also not practical to test every combination and dose of these ingredients in the actual cosmetic products. This is made especially difficult by the fact that ingredients and combinations change frequently. That means looking at the risk from a certain cosmetic for example a lipstick over time would be complicated by the fact that, even if the people in the study kept using the same product over many years, the product itself would likely change.
Therefore, scientists must resort to other types of tests — typically of only 1 or 2 ingredients at a time and at much higher doses and through different routes of exposure than people would normally have through typical use of cosmetics— to try to determine the potential of a chemical to cause cancer.
Scientists get much of their data about whether something might cause cancer from lab studies using cell cultures and animals. Because there are far too many substances natural and man-made to test each one in lab animals, scientists use knowledge about chemical structure, other types of lab tests, and other factors to select chemicals for testing. They can often get an idea about whether a substance might cause problems by looking at its chemical structure and comparing it to similar chemicals.
Virtually all substances known to cause cancer in humans also cause cancer in lab animals. But the reverse is not always true — not every substance that causes cancer in lab animals causes cancer in people. There are different reasons for this. First, most lab studies of potential carcinogens cancer-causing substances expose animals to doses that are much higher than common human exposures.
This is so that cancer risk can be detected in relatively small groups of animals. But doses are very important when talking about toxicity.
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